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Physiological Reviews Jul 1963
Topics: Body Temperature Regulation; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena; Reflex; Shivering
PubMed: 13953667
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.1963.43.3.397 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Apr 2017Performing exercise, especially in hot conditions, can heat the body, causing significant increases in internal body temperature. To offset this increase, powerful and... (Review)
Review
Performing exercise, especially in hot conditions, can heat the body, causing significant increases in internal body temperature. To offset this increase, powerful and highly developed autonomic thermoregulatory responses (i.e., skin blood flow and sweating) are activated to enhance whole body heat loss; a response mediated by temperature-sensitive receptors in both the skin and the internal core regions of the body. Independent of thermal control of heat loss, nonthermal factors can have profound consequences on the body's ability to dissipate heat during exercise. These include the activation of the body's sensory receptors (i.e., baroreceptors, metaboreceptors, mechanoreceptors, etc.) as well as phenotypic factors such as age, sex, acclimation, fitness, and chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes). The influence of these factors extends into recovery such that marked impairments in thermoregulatory function occur, leading to prolonged and sustained elevations in body core temperature. Irrespective of the level of hyperthermia, there is a time-dependent suppression of the body's physiological ability to dissipate heat. This delay in the restoration of postexercise thermoregulation has been associated with disturbances in cardiovascular function which manifest most commonly as postexercise hypotension. This review examines the current knowledge regarding the restoration of thermoregulation postexercise. In addition, the factors that are thought to accelerate or delay the return of body core temperature to resting levels are highlighted with a particular emphasis on strategies to manage heat stress in athletic and/or occupational settings.
Topics: Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Exercise; Hot Temperature; Humans; Sensory Receptor Cells; Skin
PubMed: 27881668
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00517.2016 -
Neuroscience Letters Apr 2019While thermosensation from external environment has been extensively studied, physiological responses to temperature changes inside the body and the underlying... (Review)
Review
While thermosensation from external environment has been extensively studied, physiological responses to temperature changes inside the body and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are less understood. As a critical link between body and brain that relays visceral organ information and regulates numerous physiological functions, the vagus nerve has been proposed to mediate diverse visceral thermal reflexes and indirectly regulate body temperature. However, the precise role of the vagus nerve in body thermal responses or visceral organ-related thermoregulation is still under debate due to extensive contradictory results. This data discrepancy is likely due to the high cell heterogeneity in the vagus nerve, as diverse vagal neuron types mediate numerous and sometimes opposite physiological functions. Here, we will review evidences that support and against the role of the vagus nerve in body thermosensation and thermoregulation and discuss potential future approaches for better understanding of this critical issue.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Neurons; Reflex; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 30634012
DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.013 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Oct 2017Taste stimuli have a temperature that can stimulate thermosensitive neural machinery in the mouth during gustatory experience. Although taste and oral temperature are... (Review)
Review
Taste stimuli have a temperature that can stimulate thermosensitive neural machinery in the mouth during gustatory experience. Although taste and oral temperature are sometimes discussed as different oral sensory modalities, there is a body of literature that demonstrates temperature is an important component and modulator of the intensity of gustatory neural and perceptual responses. Available data indicate that the influence of temperature on taste, herein referred to as "thermogustation," can vary across taste qualities, can also vary among stimuli presumed to share a common taste quality, and is conditioned on taste stimulus concentration, with neuronal and psychophysical data revealing larger modulatory effects of temperature on gustatory responding to weakened taste solutions compared with concentrated. What is more, thermogustation is evidenced to involve interplay between mouth and stimulus temperature. Given these and other dependencies, identifying principles by which thermal input affects gustatory information flow in the nervous system may be important for ultimately unravelling the organization of neural circuits for taste and defining their involvement with multisensory processing related to flavor. Yet thermal effects are relatively understudied in gustatory neuroscience. Major gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of thermogustation include delineating supporting receptors, the potential involvement of oral thermal and somatosensory trigeminal neurons in thermogustatory interactions, and the broader operational roles of temperature in gustatory processing. This review will discuss these and other issues in the context of the literature relevant to understanding thermogustation.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Humans; Models, Neurological; Mouth; Sensory Receptor Cells; Taste; Thermosensing
PubMed: 28794101
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00089.2017 -
ELife Mar 2022In times of environmental change species have two options to survive: they either relocate to a new habitat or they adapt to the altered environment. Adaptation requires...
In times of environmental change species have two options to survive: they either relocate to a new habitat or they adapt to the altered environment. Adaptation requires physiological plasticity and provides a selection benefit. In this regard, the Western honeybee () protrudes with its thermoregulatory capabilities, which enables a nearly worldwide distribution. Especially in the cold, shivering thermogenesis enables foraging as well as proper brood development and thus survival. In this study, we present octopamine signaling as a neurochemical prerequisite for honeybee thermogenesis: we were able to induce hypothermia by depleting octopamine in the flight muscles. Additionally, we could restore the ability to increase body temperature by administering octopamine. Thus, we conclude that octopamine signaling in the flight muscles is necessary for thermogenesis. Moreover, we show that these effects are mediated by β octopamine receptors. The significance of our results is highlighted by the fact the respective receptor genes underlie enormous selective pressure due to adaptation to cold climates. Finally, octopamine signaling in the service of thermogenesis might be a key strategy to survive in a changing environment.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Bees; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Octopamine; Thermogenesis
PubMed: 35289743
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.74334 -
Journal of Internal Medicine Nov 1998Poikilothermia syndrome is a rare cause of intrinsic thermoregulatory failure. Patients with this syndrome regulate body temperature poorly, if at all. Recently, a... (Review)
Review
Poikilothermia syndrome is a rare cause of intrinsic thermoregulatory failure. Patients with this syndrome regulate body temperature poorly, if at all. Recently, a patient was referred to us who had clinical evidence of poikilothermia syndrome, as well as long-standing multiple sclerosis. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance scanning failed to identify a hypothalamic lesion. The patient was gradually warmed to sweating, and then cooled to vasoconstriction and shivering. The core-temperature thresholds triggering each defence were calculated, after compensating for the changes in skin temperature. The calculated sweating threshold was 38.3 degrees C (normal: 37.0 +/- 0.3 degrees C). The vasoconstriction threshold was 34.4 degrees C (normal: 36.4 +/- 0.3 degrees C). The sweating-to-vasoconstriction interthreshold range was thus approximately 4 degrees C, which is between 10 and 20 times the normal value. The shivering threshold was 31.8 degrees C (normal: 35.6 +/- 0.3 degrees C). The vasoconstriction-to-shivering range was thus approximately 2.5 degrees C which is more than twice the normal value. The pattern of thermoregulatory failure in this patient resembled that resulting from general anaesthesia.
Topics: Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Shivering; Sweating; Syndrome
PubMed: 9845860
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.1998.00384.x -
Journal of Physiological Anthropology Nov 2022Hot pack application is used to reduce pain and muscle stiffness at the treated site. However, the effects of hot pack application on the whole body have not been...
BACKGROUND
Hot pack application is used to reduce pain and muscle stiffness at the treated site. However, the effects of hot pack application on the whole body have not been clarified. We investigated the relationship between body composition indices and the hot pack-induced increase in body temperature.
METHODS
We recruited 17 healthy men (age, 22.0 ± 3.3 years) who participated in the study on five different days and applied "dry" hot packs at four different sites (the most frequently used sites): right shoulder, lower back, both popliteal areas, and lower back plus popliteal areas. The study protocol involved the measurement of body composition followed by 10 min of bed rest, 15 min of warming with a hot pack, and 20 min of subsequent rest. Heart rate and body temperature were measured continuously, and blood pressure was recorded at 5-min intervals. Body temperature was measured at the right upper arm, precordium, abdomen, lumbus, right hallux, right femur, and right auditory canal.
RESULTS
Skin temperature increased significantly at and near the hot pack application site, but this finding showed no relationship with body composition indices. The warmability distal to the application site was negatively correlated with the body water content index. The auditory canal temperature did not change in any of the sessions.
CONCLUSIONS
Hot pack usage alone did not increase the deep-body temperature and only increased the temperature around the application area. Moreover, higher body water content may allow for easier dissipation of heat from the peripheral extremities.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Body Temperature; Skin Temperature; Hot Temperature; Heart Rate; Body Composition
PubMed: 36369123
DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00313-0 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar... Jun 2011Cannabinoid and opioid drugs produce marked changes in body temperature. Recent findings have extended our knowledge about the thermoregulatory effects of cannabinoids... (Review)
Review
Cannabinoid and opioid drugs produce marked changes in body temperature. Recent findings have extended our knowledge about the thermoregulatory effects of cannabinoids and opioids, particularly as related to delta opioid receptors, endogenous systems, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. Although delta opioid receptors were originally thought to play only a minor role in thermoregulation compared to mu and kappa opioid receptors, their activation has been shown to produce hypothermia in multiple species. Endogenous opioids and cannabinoids also regulate body temperature. Mu and kappa opioid receptors are thought to be in tonic balance, with mu and kappa receptor activation producing hyperthermia and hypothermia, respectively. A particularly intense research focus is TRP channels, where TRPV1 channel activation produces hypothermia whereas TRPA1 and TRPM8 channel activation causes hyperthermia. The marked hyperthermia produced by TRPV1 channel antagonists suggests these warm channels tonically control body temperature. A better understanding of the roles of cannabinoid, opioid, and TRP systems in thermoregulation may have broad clinical implications and provide insights into interactions among neurotransmitter systems involved in thermoregulation.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzaldehydes; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Cannabinoids; Humans; Hypothermia; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, sigma
PubMed: 21622235
DOI: 10.2741/190 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Mar 1990
Review
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Child; Humans
PubMed: 2183863
DOI: 10.1093/bja/64.3.346 -
British Medical Journal Feb 1954
Topics: Body Temperature; Cold Temperature; Shivering
PubMed: 13115732
DOI: No ID Found